PRODUCTION READINESS: Add timeouts to all blocking operations

[sfloess]

Overview

30+ locations use blocking operations without timeouts: .get(), .sync(), .await(), blocking I/O, lock acquisition.

Problem

Operations can hang indefinitely causing application hangs, threads blocked forever, JVM won't exit.

Affected Areas

Cluster managers, API servers, Service registries, State stores, Config sources

Examples

See issues: #245, #260, #285, #287

Acceptance Criteria

• All .get() calls have timeouts
• All .sync() replaced with .await(timeout, unit)
• All locks use tryLock with timeout
• Timeouts configurable
• Default timeouts reasonable (5-30s)

Estimated Impact

~80+ blocking operations, 1-2 weeks work, CRITICAL for stability