diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/opto/parse2.cpp b/src/hotspot/share/opto/parse2.cpp
index a7c5398171b6c..24ca68ea86b5f 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/opto/parse2.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/opto/parse2.cpp
@@ -1803,8 +1803,8 @@ static bool match_type_check(PhaseGVN& gvn,
       assert(idx == 1 || idx == 2, "");
       Node* vcon = val->in(idx);
 
-      assert(val->find_edge(con) > 0, "");
       if ((btest == BoolTest::eq && vcon == con) || (btest == BoolTest::ne && vcon != con)) {
+        assert(val->find_edge(con) > 0, "");
         SubTypeCheckNode* sub = b1->in(1)->as_SubTypeCheck();
         Node* obj_or_subklass = sub->in(SubTypeCheckNode::ObjOrSubKlass);
         Node* superklass = sub->in(SubTypeCheckNode::SuperKlass);
diff --git a/test/hotspot/jtreg/compiler/types/TestSubTypeCheckMismatch.java b/test/hotspot/jtreg/compiler/types/TestSubTypeCheckMismatch.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dfd62123a11ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/hotspot/jtreg/compiler/types/TestSubTypeCheckMismatch.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @test
+ * @bug 8374496
+ * @summary "C2: assert(val->find_edge(con) > 0) failed"
+ *
+ * @run main/othervm -Xbatch compiler.types.TestSubTypeCheckMismatch
+ */
+package compiler.types;
+
+public class TestSubTypeCheckMismatch {
+    static class A {}
+
+    static Integer test(Object o, int a, int b) {
+        int i = -1;
+        if (o instanceof A) { // results in SubTypeCheck node and diamond-shape if
+            i = Math.min(a, b);
+        }
+        return Integer.valueOf(i); // late inlined
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 20_000; i++) {
+            test(new A(),      0, 0);
+            test(new Object(), 0, 0);
+        }
+    }
+}