main.bib

@INPROCEEDINGS{Continuum_wasm,
  author={Kakati, Sangeeta and Brorsson, Mats},
  booktitle={2023 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT)}, 
  title={WebAssembly Beyond the Web: A Review for the Edge-Cloud Continuum}, 
  year={2023},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-8},
  keywords={Surveys;Cloud computing;Runtime environment;Runtime;Codes;Computer architecture;Standardization;WebAssembly;Cloud computing;Edge computing;IoT;Heterogeneity;Runtimes},
  doi={10.1109/CONIT59222.2023.10205816}}
@article{iot_survey,
  title={A survey on IoT-edge-cloud continuum systems: Status, challenges, use cases, and open issues},
  author={Gkonis, Panagiotis and Giannopoulos, Anastasios and Trakadas, Panagiotis and Masip-Bruin, Xavi and D’Andria, Francesco},
  journal={Future Internet},
  volume={15},
  number={12},
  pages={383},
  year={2023},
  publisher={MDPI}
}
@article{cloud-to-edge,
title = {The Internet of Things, Fog and Cloud continuum: Integration and challenges},
journal = {Internet of Things},
volume = {3-4},
pages = {134-155},
year = {2018},
issn = {2542-6605},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2018.09.005},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542660518300635},
author = {Luiz Bittencourt and Roger Immich and Rizos Sakellariou and Nelson Fonseca and Edmundo Madeira and Marilia Curado and Leandro Villas and Luiz DaSilva and Craig Lee and Omer Rana},
keywords = {Internet of Things (IoT), Fog computing, Edge computing, Cloud computing},
abstract = {The Internet of Things needs for computing power and storage are expected to remain on the rise in the next decade. Consequently, the amount of data generated by devices at the edge of the network will also grow. While cloud computing has been an established and effective way of acquiring computation and storage as a service to many applications, it may not be suitable to handle the myriad of data from IoT devices and fulfill largely heterogeneous application requirements. Fog computing has been developed to lie between IoT and the cloud, providing a hierarchy of computing power that can collect, aggregate, and process data from/to IoT devices. Combining fog and cloud may reduce data transfers and communication bottlenecks to the cloud and also contribute to reduced latencies, as fog computing resources exist closer to the edge. This paper examines this IoT-Fog-Cloud ecosystem and provides a literature review from different facets of it: how it can be organized, how management is being addressed, and how applications can benefit from it. Lastly, we present challenging issues yet to be addressed in IoT-Fog-Cloud infrastructures.}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{zenoh_paper,
  author={Corsaro, Angelo and Cominardi, Luca and Hecart, Olivier and Baldoni, Gabriele and Avital, Julien Enoch Pierre and Loudet, Julien and Guimares, Carlos and Ilyin, Michael and Bannov, Dmitrii},
  booktitle={2023 26th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD)}, 
  title={Zenoh: Unifying Communication, Storage and Computation from the Cloud to the Microcontroller}, 
  year={2023},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={422-428},
  keywords={Protocols;Microcontrollers;Digital systems;Wires;Buildings;Heterogeneous networks;Hardware},
  doi={10.1109/DSD60849.2023.00065}}
@article{iot_zenoh,
title = {On the performance of Zenoh in Industrial IoT Scenarios},
journal = {Ad Hoc Networks},
volume = {170},
pages = {103784},
year = {2025},
issn = {1570-8705},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2025.103784},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570870525000320},
author = {Miguel Barón and Luis Diez and Mihail Zverev and José R. Juárez and Ramón Agüero},
keywords = {Zenoh, MQTT, Reliability, Congestion control, IIoT, Latency, Middleware},
abstract = {Robust and efficient communication frameworks have become essential for the advancement of manufacturing and industrial processes in the era of Industry 4.0. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of Eclipse Zenoh, a promising solution for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The analysis is conducted using a real testbed built with Raspberry Pi devices, comparing Eclipse Zenoh’s performance against the widely used Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. The study assesses Eclipse Zenoh’s capabilities in terms of latency, as well as its reliability and congestion control mechanisms over various network topologies, using both Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The results indicate that Eclipse Zenoh offers significant advantages in specific scenarios, making it a compelling choice for IIoT applications. Additionally, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of Eclipse Zenoh’s underlying principles and its communication capabilities, positioning it as a versatile and efficient solution for modern industrial environments.}
}
@misc{zenoh_compare,
      title={A Performance Study on the Throughput and Latency of Zenoh, MQTT, Kafka, and DDS}, 
      author={Wen-Yew Liang and Yuyuan Yuan and Hsiang-Jui Lin},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2303.09419},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.DC},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.09419}, 
}
@Article{cloud-edge-zenoh,
author={L{\'o}pez Escobar, Juan Jos{\'e}
and D{\'i}az-Redondo, Rebeca P.
and Gil-Casti{\~{n}}eira, Felipe},
title={Unleashing the power of decentralized serverless IoT dataflow architecture for the Cloud-to-Edge Continuum: a performance comparison},
journal={Annals of Telecommunications},
year={2024},
month={Apr},
day={01},
volume={79},
number={3},
pages={135-148},
abstract={The advent of new computing and communication trends that link pervasive data sources and consumers, such as Edge Computing, 5G and IIoT, has led to the development of the Cloud-to-Edge Continuum in order to take advantage of the resources available in massive IoT scenarios and to conduct data analysis to leverage intelligence at all levels. This paper outlines the challenging requirements of this novel IoT context and presents an innovative IoT framework to develop dataflow applications for data-centric environments. The proposed design takes advantage of decentralized Pub/Sub communication and serverless nanoservice architecture, using novel technologies such as Zenoh and WebAssembly, respectively, to implement lightweight services along the Cloud-to-Edge infrastructure. We also describe some use cases to illustrate the benefits and concerns of the coming IoT generation, giving a communication performance comparison of Zenoh over brokered MQTT strategies.},
issn={1958-9395},
doi={10.1007/s12243-023-01009-x},
url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-023-01009-x}
}
@misc{iot_wasm,
      title={WebAssembly on Resource-Constrained IoT Devices: Performance, Efficiency, and Portability}, 
      author={Mislav Has and Tao Xiong and Fehmi Ben Abdesslem and Mario Kušek},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2512.00035},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.AR},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00035}, 
}
@article{iot_bun,
title = {Reducing communication overhead in the IoT–edge–cloud continuum: A survey on protocols and data reduction strategies},
journal = {Internet of Things},
volume = {31},
pages = {101553},
year = {2025},
issn = {2542-6605},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2025.101553},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542660525000666},
author = {Dora Kreković and Petar Krivić and Ivana {Podnar Žarko} and Mario Kušek and Danh Le-Phuoc},
keywords = {IoT, Data compression, Protocols, Device communication, Edge},
abstract = {The adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) deployments has led to a sharp increase in network traffic as a vast number of IoT devices communicate with each other and with IoT services in the IoT–edge–cloud continuum. This increase in network traffic poses a major challenge to the global communications infrastructure since it hinders communication performance and also puts significant strain on the energy consumption of IoT devices. To address these issues, efficient and collaborative IoT solutions which enable information exchange while reducing the size of transmitted data and associated network traffic are crucial. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the communication technologies and protocols as well as data reduction strategies that contribute to this goal. First, we present a comparative analysis of prevalent communication technologies in the IoT domain, highlighting their unique characteristics and exploring the potential for protocol composition and joint usage to enhance overall communication efficiency within the IoT–edge–cloud continuum. Next, we explore various data traffic reduction techniques tailored to the IoT–edge–cloud context and evaluate their applicability and effectiveness on resource-constrained end devices. Finally, we investigate the emerging concepts that have the potential to further reduce communication overhead in the IoT–edge–cloud continuum, including cross-layer optimization strategies and Edge AI techniques for IoT data reduction. The paper offers a comprehensive roadmap for developing efficient and scalable solutions across the layers of the IoT–edge–cloud continuum that are beneficial for real-time processing to alleviate network congestion in complex IoT environments.}
}
@inproceedings{Continuum, series={HPDC ’22},
   title={WebAssembly as a Common Layer for the Cloud-edge Continuum},
   url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3526059.3533618},
   DOI={10.1145/3526059.3533618},
   booktitle={Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Flexible Resource and Application Management on the Edge},
   publisher={ACM},
   author={Ménétrey, Jämes and Pasin, Marcelo and Felber, Pascal and Schiavoni, Valerio},
   year={2022},
   month=jun, pages={3–8},
   collection={HPDC ’22} }
@article{mros2,
  title={クラウド連携を対象としたアーキテクチャ中立なROSランタイムの検討},
  author={柿本翔大 and 松原克弥 and 高瀬英希},
  journal={情報処理学会研究報告},
  volume={2023-EMB-62},
  number={51},
  pages={1--7},
  year={2023},
}
@misc{iotdev,
  author       = {{総務省}},
  title        = {令和3年版 情報通信白書 第1部 第1章 第2節 デジタル経済の進化},
  howpublished = {\url{https://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/r03/html/nd105220.html}},
  year         = {2021},
  note         = {2026年1月14日閲覧}
}
@misc{wasm,
  title        = {WebAssembly},
  howpublished = {\url{https://webassembly.org}},
  note         = {Accessed on 01/14/2026}
}

@misc{wasi_overview,
  author       = {{Bytecode Alliance}},
  title        = {Introduction · WASI.dev},
  howpublished = {\url{https://wasi.dev/}},
  note         = {Accessed on 01/22/2026}
}

@misc{wamr,
  author       = {{Bytecode Alliance}},
  title        = {WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR)},
  howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasm-micro-runtime}},
  note         = {Accessed on 01/14/2026}
}
@misc{zenoh_pico,
  author       = {{esol-community}},
  title        = {esol-community/rmw\_zenoh\_pico: Zenoh-pico implementation for micro-ROS},
  howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/esol-community/rmw_zenoh_pico}},
  note         = {Accessed on 01/22/2026}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{wasm_overhead,
  author={Wen, Elliott and Weber, Gerald},
  booktitle={2020 IEEE 13th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD)}, 
  title={Wasmachine: Bring the Edge up to Speed with A WebAssembly OS}, 
  year={2020},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={353-360},
  keywords={Performance evaluation;Computer languages;Cloud computing;Runtime;Linux;Security;Kernel},
  doi={10.1109/CLOUD49709.2020.00056}}