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‎ComputerScience/基本操作/Shell终端使用/index.html‎

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<meta property="og:description" content="微服务 微服务：解决接口越来越多，单体应用运行缓慢问题。 服务间调用 一个服务只调用一张表。当一个服务需要调用其他表时，使用HTTP调用其他微服务。 Commons 新建一个commons模块，用于存放全局使用的Entity &lt;dependency&gt; &lt;groupId&gt;com.example&lt;&#x2F;groupId&gt; &lt;artifactId">
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<div class="post-toc animated"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="nav-text"> 微服务</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E9%97%B4%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8"><span class="nav-text"> 服务间调用</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#commons"><span class="nav-text"> Commons</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#resttemplate"><span class="nav-text"> RestTemplate</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#eureka"><span class="nav-text"> Eureka</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96"><span class="nav-text"> 添加依赖</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#hystrix-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%86%94%E6%96%AD%E5%B7%B2%E5%BC%83%E7%94%A8"><span class="nav-text"> Hystrix 服务熔断（已弃用）</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%8D%E7%BA%A7"><span class="nav-text"> 服务降级</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%86%94%E6%96%AD"><span class="nav-text"> 服务熔断</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#openfeign-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%8D%E7%BA%A7"><span class="nav-text"> OpenFeign 服务降级</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95"><span class="nav-text"> 踩坑记录</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%89%BE%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%B0mapper"><span class="nav-text"> 找不到Mapper</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
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<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;dependencies&gt;</span><br><span class="line"> &lt;dependency&gt;</span><br><span class="line"> &lt;groupId&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/groupId&gt;</span><br><span class="line"> &lt;artifactId&gt;spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span><br><span class="line"> &lt;/dependency&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/dependencies&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="hystrix-服务熔断已弃用"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#hystrix-服务熔断已弃用"></a> Hystrix 服务熔断（已弃用）</h1>
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<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">direction: right</span><br><span class="line">服务1 -&gt; 服务2: 请求</span><br><span class="line">服务2 -&gt; 服务3: 请求</span><br><span class="line">服务3 -&gt; 服务4: 请求</span><br><span class="line">服务4 -&gt; 服务5: 故障 &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> style.stroke: red</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">服务5.style.stroke-dash: 4</span><br><span class="line">服务5.style.stroke: red</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h2 id="服务降级"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#服务降级"></a> 服务降级</h2>
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<p>当某个微服务宕机时，可以通过Hystrix返回备选方案。</p>
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<h2 id="服务熔断"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#服务熔断"></a> 服务熔断</h2>
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<p>当某个微服务过长时间没有响应，开启熔断器，直接不调用微服务的方法，只调用降级的服务。重新等待一段时间后，才继续尝试调用微服务方法，并根据响应情况关闭熔断器。</p>
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<h1 id="openfeign-服务降级"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#openfeign-服务降级"></a> OpenFeign 服务降级</h1>
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href="../%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6/Eureka%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0#OpenFeign%20%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E7%9A%84HTTP%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7">OpenFeign 更方便的HTTP客户端请求工具</a></p>
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<p>实现一个<code>FallBackClient</code>类，并继承<code>Client</code></p>
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<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Component</span> <span class="comment">// 注意，需要将其注册为Bean，Feign才能自动注入</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">UserFallbackClient</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">UserClient</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> User <span class="title function_">getUserById</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> uid)</span> &#123; <span class="comment">// 这里我们自行对其进行实现，并返回我们的替代方案</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">User</span> <span class="variable">user</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">User</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> user.setName(<span class="string">&quot;我是替代方案&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> user;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>在<code>Client</code>中指定fallback参数</p>
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<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// fallback参数指定为我们刚刚编写的实现类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@FeignClient(value = &quot;userservice&quot;, fallback = UserFallbackClient.class)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title class_">UserClient</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@RequestMapping(&quot;/user/&#123;uid&#125;&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line"> User <span class="title function_">getUserById</span><span class="params">(<span class="meta">@PathVariable(&quot;uid&quot;)</span> <span class="type">int</span> uid)</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="踩坑记录"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#踩坑记录"></a> 踩坑记录</h1>
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<h2 id="找不到mapper"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#找不到mapper"></a> 找不到Mapper</h2>
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<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">***************************</span><br><span class="line">APPLICATION FAILED TO START</span><br><span class="line">***************************</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Description:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Field deviceMapper in com.esagent.es.EsDataInit required a bean of type &#x27;com.example.mapper.YourMapper&#x27; that could not be found.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">The injection point has the following annotations:</span><br><span class="line"> - @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Action:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Consider defining a bean of type &#x27;com.example.mapper.YourMapper&#x27; in your configuration.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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