// ALXC Language Syntax Reference

// 1. DATA TYPES AND LITERALS true; // Boolean true false; // Boolean false 1234; // Number (double-precision) 12.34; // Floating-point number "Hello"; // String literal nil; // Nil value

// 2. EXPRESSIONS AND OPERATORS

// Arithmetic operators 1 + 2; // Addition 3 - 4; // Subtraction 5 * 6; // Multiplication 7 / 8; // Division -9; // Negation (unary)

// Comparison operators (return booleans) 1 < 2; // Less than 3 <= 4; // Less than or equal 5 > 6; // Greater than 7 >= 8; // Greater than or equal 1 == 1; // Equality 1 != 2; // Inequality

// Logical operators !true; // Logical NOT true and false;// Logical AND (short-circuiting) true or false; // Logical OR (short-circuiting)

// Precedence and grouping (1 + 2) * 3; // Parentheses override precedence

// 3. STATEMENTS

// Print statement print "Hello, world!";

// Expression statement "some expression";

// Variable declaration var x = 10; var y; // Defaults to nil

// Block statement { print "One"; print "Two"; }

// 4. CONTROL FLOW

// If statement if (condition) { print "true"; } else { print "false"; }

// While loop var i = 0; while (i < 10) { print i; i = i + 1; }

// For loop for (var i = 0; i < 10; i = i + 1) { print i; }

// 5. FUNCTIONS

// Function declaration fun sayHello(name) { print "Hello, " + name + "!"; }

// Function with return value fun add(a, b) { return a + b; }

// First-class functions var multiply = fun(a, b) { return a * b; };

// Closure example fun makeCounter() { var i = 0; fun count() { i = i + 1; return i; } return count; }

var counter = makeCounter(); print counter(); // 1 print counter(); // 2

// 6. CLASSES AND INHERITANCE

// Class declaration class Breakfast { init(meat, bread) { // Constructor this.meat = meat; this.bread = bread; }

serve(who) { print "Enjoy your " + this.meat + " and " + this.bread + ", " + who + "."; } }

// Creating instances var baconAndToast = Breakfast("bacon", "toast"); baconAndToast.serve("Bob");

// Inheritance class Brunch < Breakfast { init(meat, bread, drink) { super.init(meat, bread); this.drink = drink; }

serve(who) { super.serve(who); print "Have some " + this.drink + " too."; } }

var benedict = Brunch("ham", "english muffin", "coffee"); benedict.serve("Cindy");

// 7. OPERATOR PRECEDENCE TABLE (HIGHEST TO LOWEST) // !, - (unary) - Right associative // *, / - Left associative // +, - - Left associative // ==, !=, <, <=, >, >= - Left associative // and - Left associative // or - Left associative

// 8. LIMITATIONS AND OMISSIONS // - No bitwise, shift, modulo, or conditional operators // - No native array/list syntax (in base implementation) // - No implicit type conversions // - No +=, -=, etc. compound assignment operators // - No ++, -- increment/decrement operators

// 9. SPECIAL NOTES // - Variables are dynamically typed // - Strings support concatenation with + // - Garbage collection is automatic // - All values are passed by reference // - Functions can return implicitly (return nil) // - Classes support single inheritance only