fix: Add defensive check for permission to tx type cast

[yinyiqian1]

In permissionToTxType,
values outside this range would silently truncate when cast to
uint16_t, for example, 65537 would become 1, mapping to the Payment transaction.

(Might have some overlap with #6613. but keeping it as a separate PR for clearer scope, review and tracking.)

High Level Overview of Change

Context of Change

API Impact

• Public API: New feature (new methods and/or new fields)
• Public API: Breaking change (in general, breaking changes should only impact the next api_version)
• libxrpl change (any change that may affect libxrpl or dependents of libxrpl)
• Peer protocol change (must be backward compatible or bump the peer protocol version)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 82.0%. Comparing base (46b997b) to head (02a2002).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##           develop   #7047     +/-   ##
=========================================
- Coverage     82.1%   82.0%   -0.0%     
=========================================
  Files         1010    1010             
  Lines        75961   75965      +4     
  Branches      7392    7383      -9     
=========================================
- Hits         62330   62325      -5     
- Misses       13631   13640      +9     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/libxrpl/protocol/Permissions.cpp	97.1% <100.0%> (+0.2%)	⬆️

... and 6 files with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.