[SPARK-55005][SQL] Fix CONTINUE HANDLER to continue loop execution after handling exceptions in loop body

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/scripting/SqlScriptingExecution.scala

@@ -102,7 +102,12 @@ class SqlScriptingExecution(
 
     currExecPlan match {
       case exec: ConditionalStatementExec =>
-        exec.interrupted = true
+        // Only interrupt if the conditional statement is currently evaluating its condition.
+        // For loop statements, this means we should skip the loop when an exception occurs
+        // during condition evaluation, but NOT when an exception occurs in the loop body.
+        if (exec.isInCondition) {
+          exec.interrupted = true
+        }
       case _ =>
     }
   }

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/scripting/SqlScriptingExecutionNode.scala

@@ -122,6 +122,22 @@ trait ConditionalStatementExec extends NonLeafStatementExec {
    * HANDLER.
    */
   protected[scripting] var interrupted: Boolean = false
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the conditional statement is currently evaluating its condition,
+   * false if it's executing its body. This is used by CONTINUE HANDLER to determine
+   * whether to interrupt the conditional statement when an exception occurs.
+   *
+   * For loop statements (WHILE, REPEAT, FOR), this should return true when evaluating
+   * the loop condition and false when executing the loop body. This distinction is
+   * critical because:
+   * - Exception in condition: loop should be skipped (interrupted)
+   * - Exception in body: loop should continue to next iteration (not interrupted)
+   *
+   * For IF/CASE statements, this should return true when evaluating the condition
+   * expression and false when executing any branch body.
+   */
+  protected[scripting] def isInCondition: Boolean
 }
 
 /**
@@ -481,6 +497,8 @@ class IfElseStatementExec(
 
   override def getTreeIterator: Iterator[CompoundStatementExec] = treeIterator
 
+  override protected[scripting] def isInCondition: Boolean = state == IfElseState.Condition
+
   override def reset(): Unit = {
     state = IfElseState.Condition
     curr = Some(conditions.head)
@@ -567,6 +585,8 @@ class WhileStatementExec(
 
   override def getTreeIterator: Iterator[CompoundStatementExec] = treeIterator
 
+  override protected[scripting] def isInCondition: Boolean = state == WhileState.Condition
+
   override def reset(): Unit = {
     state = WhileState.Condition
     curr = Some(condition)
@@ -656,6 +676,8 @@ class SearchedCaseStatementExec(
 
   override def getTreeIterator: Iterator[CompoundStatementExec] = treeIterator
 
+  override protected[scripting] def isInCondition: Boolean = state == CaseState.Condition
+
   override def reset(): Unit = {
     state = CaseState.Condition
     curr = Some(conditions.head)
@@ -795,6 +817,8 @@ class SimpleCaseStatementExec(
 
   override def getTreeIterator: Iterator[CompoundStatementExec] = treeIterator
 
+  override protected[scripting] def isInCondition: Boolean = state == CaseState.Condition
+
   override def reset(): Unit = {
     state = CaseState.Condition
     bodyExec = None
@@ -882,6 +906,8 @@ class RepeatStatementExec(
 
   override def getTreeIterator: Iterator[CompoundStatementExec] = treeIterator
 
+  override protected[scripting] def isInCondition: Boolean = state == RepeatState.Condition
+
   override def reset(): Unit = {
     state = RepeatState.Body
     curr = Some(body)
@@ -1218,6 +1244,8 @@ class ForStatementExec(
 
   override def getTreeIterator: Iterator[CompoundStatementExec] = treeIterator
 
+  override protected[scripting] def isInCondition: Boolean = state == ForState.VariableAssignment
+
   override def reset(): Unit = {
     state = ForState.VariableAssignment
     isResultCacheValid = false