SSZ-Schumann: Segmented Spacetime Analysis of Schumann Resonances

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Overview

SSZ-Schumann applies the Segmented Spacetime (SSZ) framework to Earth's Schumann resonances - electromagnetic standing waves in the Earth-ionosphere cavity. This project tests whether SSZ theory can explain subtle frequency variations in Schumann resonance measurements.

"Schumann resonances as a probe for spacetime segmentation."

Key Hypothesis

SSZ theory predicts that spacetime segmentation introduces a uniform relative frequency shift across all Schumann resonance modes:

Δf_n / f_n ≈ -δ_seg(t)  for all n

This is distinct from classical dispersive effects and provides a testable prediction.

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Table of Contents

1. Physical Background
2. Installation
3. Data Sources
4. Quick Start
5. Analysis Pipeline
6. Key Results
7. Project Structure
8. References
9. Authors & License

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Physical Background

Classical Schumann Resonances

The Earth-ionosphere cavity acts as a resonant cavity for extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves. The resonance frequencies are:

f_n = η × c / (2πR) × √(n(n+1))

where:

• n = mode number (1, 2, 3, ...)
• η ≈ 0.74 = effective slowdown factor
• c = speed of light
• R = Earth radius

Typical frequencies:

Mode	Classical	Observed
n=1	10.6 Hz	7.83 Hz
n=2	18.4 Hz	14.1 Hz
n=3	26.0 Hz	20.3 Hz

SSZ Modification

In SSZ theory, the effective speed of light is modified by spacetime segmentation:

f_n_SSZ = f_n_classical / D_SSZ
D_SSZ = 1 + δ_seg(t)

The SSZ signature is that δ_seg(t) produces the same relative shift for all modes simultaneously. This is testable by analyzing correlations between mode frequencies.

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Installation

Requirements

• Python 3.10+
• NumPy, SciPy, Pandas
• Matplotlib (for visualization)

Setup

# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/error-wtf/ssz-schumann.git
cd ssz-schumann

# Create virtual environment
python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate  # Linux/Mac
# or: .venv\Scripts\activate  # Windows

# Install dependencies
pip install -r requirements.txt

# Install package in development mode
pip install -e .

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Data Sources

⚠️ Important: Data Not Included

Due to licensing and size constraints, raw data is not included in this repository. Users must download data themselves from the following sources:

1. Schumann Resonance Data

Source: Sierra Nevada ELF Station (Salinas et al., 2022)

# Download from Zenodo
python scripts/fetch_zenodo_schumann.py

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6348930
• Period: March 2013 - February 2017
• Resolution: 10-minute intervals
• Parameters: f1, f2, f3 (frequencies), widths, amplitudes

2. Space Weather Data

F10.7 Solar Flux (NOAA):

python scripts/fetch_space_weather.py --f107

• Source: NOAA SWPC

Kp/Ap Geomagnetic Index (GFZ Potsdam):

python scripts/fetch_space_weather.py --kp

• Source: GFZ Potsdam

3. All Data at Once

python scripts/fetch_data.py --all

This creates info files with download instructions in data/.

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Quick Start

1. Run with Synthetic Data (No Download Required)

python scripts/run_schumann_ssz_analysis.py --synthetic

This creates synthetic Schumann data with a known SSZ signature and demonstrates that the analysis pipeline can recover it.

2. Run with Real Data (After Download)

python scripts/run_schumann_ssz_analysis.py \
    --schumann-path data/schumann/2016/data.csv \
    --f107-path data/space_weather/f107_noaa.csv \
    --kp-path data/space_weather/kp_ap.csv

3. Run Full Validation Suite

python scripts/run_full_validation.py

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Analysis Pipeline

Step 1: Data Loading

from ssz_schumann.data_io import load_schumann_data, load_space_weather

schumann = load_schumann_data("data/schumann/2016/")
weather = load_space_weather("data/space_weather/")

Step 2: Compute Relative Frequency Shifts

from ssz_schumann.analysis import compute_relative_shifts

shifts = compute_relative_shifts(schumann)
# Returns: δf_1/f_1, δf_2/f_2, δf_3/f_3

Step 3: Test Mode Consistency

from ssz_schumann.analysis import mode_consistency_score

score = mode_consistency_score(shifts)
# Score > 0.7: Strong SSZ signature
# Score < 0.3: No SSZ signature

Step 4: Model Comparison

from ssz_schumann.models import fit_classical, fit_ssz

classical_fit = fit_classical(schumann)
ssz_fit = fit_ssz(schumann)

# Compare AIC/BIC
print(f"ΔAIC: {classical_fit.aic - ssz_fit.aic}")

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Key Results

Synthetic Data Validation

With 2% injected SSZ signal:

Metric	Classical Model	SSZ Model
RMSE	1.05 Hz	0.44 Hz
R²	0.96	0.99
AIC	20298	7103
BIC	20305	7129

ΔBIC = +13176 → Very strong evidence for SSZ model when signal is present.

Mode Consistency

The SSZ signature is characterized by:

• High correlation between relative shifts of different modes
• Uniform δ_seg across all frequencies
• Correlation with ionospheric conditions (F10.7, Kp)

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Project Structure

ssz-schumann/
├── ssz_schumann/              # Main package
│   ├── config.py              # Configuration and constants
│   ├── data_io/               # Data loading modules
│   │   ├── schumann_sierra_nevada.py
│   │   ├── space_weather_noaa.py
│   │   └── merge.py
│   ├── models/                # Physical models
│   │   ├── classical_schumann.py
│   │   ├── ssz_correction.py
│   │   └── physical_ssz.py
│   └── analysis/              # Analysis pipeline
│       ├── compute_deltas.py
│       ├── correlation_plots.py
│       └── model_comparison.py
├── scripts/                   # CLI scripts
│   ├── fetch_data.py          # Download data
│   ├── fetch_zenodo_schumann.py
│   ├── fetch_space_weather.py
│   ├── run_schumann_ssz_analysis.py
│   └── run_full_validation.py
├── tests/                     # Unit tests (94 tests)
├── data/                      # Data directory (user downloads)
│   ├── schumann/              # Schumann resonance data
│   └── space_weather/         # F10.7, Kp indices
├── output/                    # Analysis output
├── requirements.txt           # Dependencies
├── LICENSE                    # Anti-Capitalist License v1.4
└── README.md                  # This file

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Running Tests

# Run all tests
pytest tests/ -v

# Run specific test file
pytest tests/test_models.py -v

# Run with coverage
pytest tests/ --cov=ssz_schumann

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References

SSZ Theory

1. Wrede, C. & Casu, L. (2025). "Segmented Spacetime: A Discrete Framework for Quantum Gravity" (in preparation)
2. SSZ-Qubits Repository
3. SSZ Metric Pure Repository

Schumann Resonances

4. Schumann, W.O. (1952). "Über die strahlungslosen Eigenschwingungen einer leitenden Kugel". Z. Naturforsch., 7a, 149-154.
5. Salinas, A. et al. (2022). "Schumann resonance data processing programs and four-year measurements from Sierra Nevada ELF station". Computers & Geosciences, 165, 105148. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6348930

Space Weather

6. NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center: swpc.noaa.gov
7. GFZ Potsdam Kp Index: gfz-potsdam.de

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Authors & License

Authors

Carmen Wrede - Theoretical Physics, SSZ Theory
Lino Casu - Implementation, Data Analysis

Contact

• Email: mail@error.wtf
• GitHub: github.com/error-wtf

License

This project is licensed under the Anti-Capitalist Software License v1.4.

See LICENSE for the full license text.

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© 2025 Carmen Wrede & Lino Casu

"Schumann resonances as a probe for spacetime segmentation."