[13.x] Allow Dependency Injection in the failed() method of queued jobs

[michalwolinski]

Currently, the failed() method on queued jobs does not support Dependency Injection. When a job fails, developers are forced to resolve services manually through the service container, which is difficult to test and inconsistent with the rest of the framework:

public function failed(Throwable $e): void
{
    app(OrderRepository::class)->markAsFailed($this->orderId);
}

This PR enables type-hinting dependencies directly in failed(), consistent with how handle() already works:

public function failed(Throwable $e, OrderRepository $repository, Mailer $mailer): void
{
    $repository->markAsFailed($this->orderId);
    $mailer->notifyTeam($this->orderId, $e);
}

Benefit to end users

Developers can now inject any service registered in the container into failed(), making failure-handling logic cleaner, more expressive, and fully testable without relying on app() helpers.

Backwards compatibility

The change is fully backwards compatible. Existing failed(Throwable $e) methods continue to work without modification — the exception is resolved by its type, consistent with how the container resolves other dependencies. Any additional parameters are injected from the container automatically, identical to how handle() behaves.

Tests

The tests verify both the new approach to dependency injection and legacy backward-compatibility scenarios.

[rodrigopedra]

$this->container->call([$command, 'failed'], [\Throwable::class => $e]);

We can provide class names as keys to the Container@call method, so we don't need to guess the parameter's name.

[michalwolinski]

@rodrigopedra Thank you for the suggestion! Updated in 4f33f24 — using Throwable::class as the key is indeed cleaner and avoids guessing the parameter name.

[michalwolinski]

Hey @taylorotwell, thanks for looking. Just curious, is DI in the failed() method something you'd like to avoid in the core, or was there a specific issue with this PR? I'd appreciate a brief hint so I know whether to pursue this in a different way. Thanks!